Carpet Pattern Design Methods in Computer

Carpet Design Preparation on Computer

        With the development of technology, carpet designs are prepared on a computer and transferred to plaid paper and coloring processes are performed. Transferring in a computer environment is done by installing ready-made package programs obtained from software companies on the computer. However, because these programs are expensive, carpets woven in homes do not use this method for pattern extraction.

Carpet Pattern Design Methods in Computer

1. To transfer the free motifs drawn to the checkered environment to the computer with the mouse.
2. Transferring the motifs in the line environment to the computer via scanner and cleaning them by squaring.
3. Transferring the plans in the line environment to the computer via scanner and cleaning the squares.
4. Transferring the various elements and textures of nature recorded as photographs and graphics to the computer and making them a motif and texture plan that can be used in a checkered environment.
5. Determination of working points width, length number according to product quality and size.
6. From the archives, plans and textures archived to the computer, the design is created in accordance with the fashion of the day, the material used, the weaving technique, the color, the desired quality, and the price policy.

Importance of Design on Carpet

• The element that gives carpets a national feature is their pattern character. The art, culture, and tradition of each nation’s art.
• Pattern characters arose from the synthesis of customs.
• It is the character that saves the carpet from being a simple household item and reflects its cultural accumulation.
• The differences in tradition, social and cultural differences in various regions have brought diversity to carpet art in terms of patterns.

Carpet Design Drawing Stages

Design Research: Before preparing the carpet design, a preliminary investigation of the design to be prepared must be carried out. The carpet designs used up to this day should be seen in order to make design research according to how a drawing will be made. The first step of the design preparation process is carried out by investigating the shapes and designs used in the carpet.

Motif Work: It is the process of selecting the appropriate motifs by carrying out the research process of the motifs that we will use in the original carpet design that we intend to prepare.

Pattern Design: The dimensions of the carpet we want are determined first. Then, by calculating the number of knots in the carpet, each knot will come to a square without forgetting the size of the checkered paper is prepared. The draft study is carried out by identifying the carpet pattern on the checkered paper and marking the squares they represent with a pencil. After the draft work is done, the drawings are drawn on the checkered paper.

Sketch Study: It is a free study of the placement process of the border, belly and other motifs of the carpet whose dimensions are determined.

Color Research: The pattern prepared on plain paper cannot be used in carpet weaving. Prepared designs should be colored in order to use them in carpet weaving. Since the coloration work is very technical and important, the person who will make the coloration should have sufficient accumulation in carpet art, good color knowledge, and an aesthetic view. It is recommended that people who have just begun to prepare designs or who do not have the skills described above should benefit from the previous carpets when coloring the patterns. Although the pattern designer is free to use color, there are a number of rules in carpet design coloring.

• If colors are used on a light background (such as white, yellow, buff, pink, light green, dark blue), the contour colors will be the contrast color of the background color. Fill colors should be light tones of contrasting colors.
• If colors are used on dark ground (such as red, navy blue, brown, dark green, dark blue), the contour colors will be the opposite colors of the background color. Fill colors should be dark tones of stroke colors.
• The color of the border should be weighted in the motifs. The color researcher must first have a good knowledge of color. Each color in the paint set to be used should be mixed in equal amounts with another color and a color table should be made by painting its own square. Thus, this table is consulted to find the most suitable color in design works.

Color determination: Border, belly and other motifs, where we will determine the colors to be used in the design of the carpet, specifying the side of the design.

Transferring the drafting work to checked paper: The most important process step of the carpet design that has been drafted is the transferring work to the checkered paper. The issue that needs to be emphasized here is to perform the operation knowing that each frame represents a node.

Coloring the design: The pencil sketch is done and the pattern determined on the checkered paper is painted with the appropriate colors that we will apply. The coloring process is done by selecting the appropriate coloring tools such as watercolor, felt-tip pen, gouache paint, which we mentioned earlier. Coloring from top to bottom, the inside of the frames are painted by filling each node from the colors of the nodes that they represent to be a square. After coloring the squares to the specified colors, the pattern work is completed by painting the entire color in accordance with the backdrop of the carpet.

Design card preparation: Prepared and colored patterns are divided into pieces according to the model is numbered. Divided parts are glued on plywood, cardboard, chipboard. Taking into consideration that the patterns will be used later, the patterns adhered to the plates are varnished by spraying or brush application with transparent varnish (glass varnish) so as not to impair the feature of the pattern in order to prevent any wear. Another method of protection is to cover the surface with a transparent coating material (nylon).

Hand Drawing Designs

The pattern is prepared on checkered paper. Then this pattern is transferred to checkered paper with the help of a lighted table. Strokes are filled and colored on checkered paper. Pattern borders can also be drawn directly on checkered paper without using checkered paper. The units are marked and colored. 

Also, the pattern drawn on the backside of the checkered paper is squared and colored by turning the paper upside down on the light table. If the pattern in any carpet photo is to be prepared, it can also be transferred to the checkered paper by the above methods or by using tools such as overhead projector, epidiascope, magnifying glass, and loop. For the pattern to be prepared, the size, quality, and type (report, corner, etc.) must first be determined. For a corner-by-corner design, one-quarter of the design, one half for the mihrab, and one repeat for the report (depending on the state of the pattern), it is sufficient to draw. 

There is usually a ratio of 2/3 (gold cut) between the width and length of a carpet. (So there is a ratio of 2/34 between width and height.) The border width is 1/6 or 1/5 of the carpet width. In square carpets (such as 30×30, 60×60, 80×80), the number of warp wires in the sewing (longitudinal) border is equal to the number of rows of weft. In rectangular carpets (such as 30×50, 26×40, 32×40), the ratio between width and length quality is proportional to the number of wires in the sewing border and the number of rows of the border is found. 

Half of the bordered wire or row is divided into large borders, the remaining half is divided into small borders and mother-of-pearl and flesh. Before you start to draw designs, some information about the carpet to be drawn must be known. Because the design will be prepared in the light of this information. The quality of the planned carpet, dimensions, number of warp, number of rows, number of warp and rows to be divided into borders, number of warp and rows to remain on the ground should be known. 

In light of this information, a general outline of the pattern is prepared. The motifs intended to be used in the pattern are placed on this outline and then these motifs are measured. In this way, a measured draft is prepared. It is transferred to millimeter paper in accordance with the draft quality. It is sufficient to remove the ¼ ratio of a carpet with a classical surface partitioning. In mihrab carpets, the pattern is prepared in a ratio of 1/2.

Tools Used in Design Drawing

Pencil: A pencil is a drawing and writing tool consisting of a rod placed in a wooden pipe. The pencil is the most used tool in the pattern and has the possibility to wipe it out.

Eraser: Eraser is a rubber tool which is used with a pencil to clean unnecessary and wrong lines in patterns. 

Paper: Paper is a surface made of vegetable materials, which is turned into thin leaves, on which pattern and painting are studied. White, beige, black, gray or colored papers such as drawing papers, wrapping paper, duplicator paper, cartons, millimetric papers, background papers can be used in the pattern. 

Dry Paint: Dry paints are colored pencils. Colored tips are obtained by mixing glue and varnish with paint material. It is a tool that provides a line to dry paint. 

Felt Tip Pens: These are also known as a magic marker or fine liner. The ink, which is a mixture of dyestuff and alcohol-like liquid, allows drawing through the felt tip. It has thin, medium, thick, flat, rounded ends and various colors. It is easy to use, dries quickly and is transparent. If two colors are overlapped, a third color is created. 

Watercolor: Watercolor is a kind of paint obtained in the mixture of water-soluble vegetable gums such as gum arabic. Watercolor is available in tube form or in solid form in boxes. Good quality paint is bright and clean looking. It melts quickly. The picture is transparent, clean and glittering. The technical feature of watercolor is that it is melted with water and creates a transparency effect in the picture. 

Poster paint: Gouache is a kind of paint which is a mixture of glue with dye like water paint. The most important feature that is worked by melting with water is that it is concealer. In this technique, white paint is added into the color to obtain light colors and when the paint is applied, it covers the paper. 

Brushes: It is a painting tool made of animal hair with a wooden handle and fixed to the metal end. The brushes are hard, soft, flat and round. A brush is necessary for the process of thinning the paint with the solvents and thinners such as water, linseed oil, turpentine suitable for the dyestuff. Techniques such as watercolor, gouache, oil paint, and acrylic are applied with brushes of various qualities.